The PM2.5 Problem in Thailand and the Use of Biomass Pellets (Biomass Pellet or Wood Pellet) as a Solution

By VRP Development Holdings Co., Ltd.

In recent years, the problem of fine particulate matter, commonly known as PM2.5, has become a serious health concern in many parts of Thailand, particularly in major cities and northern provinces. The primary causes of PM2.5 include the burning of fossil fuels, forest fires, and the open burning of agricultural residues such as rice straw, sugarcane, corn, bamboo, and more. Additionally, vehicle emissions that release PM2.5 particles, small enough to enter the respiratory system and penetrate the bloodstream, lead to various diseases such as lung disease, heart disease, and lung cancer.

PM2.5 in Thailand

One of the major contributors to PM2.5 in Thailand is the practice of burning fields to prepare agricultural land, especially in the northern region. This is particularly prevalent during the dry season, when the absence of rain leads to a higher concentration of airborne particles. Additionally, the use of fossil fuels in major urban areas exacerbates air pollution, with PM2.5 levels often exceeding safe limits. This issue not only impacts public health but also negatively affects the economy, tourism, and the overall quality of life.

The Use of Biomass Pellets (Biomass Pellet or Wood Pellet) as a Solution

One potential solution to reducing pollution is the use of biomass pellets, derived from agricultural waste, as an alternative energy source. These pellets can replace fossil fuels (such as coal, fuel oil, and liquefied petroleum gas) in power plants, industrial production processes, and even residential and commercial heating. Biomass pellets not only help lower PM2.5 emissions but also reduce carbon emissions by preventing the open burning of agricultural waste. Moreover, they help avoid high export taxes from cross-border carbon tariffs (CBAM), as they are a clean, carbon-neutral fuel with a calorific value of up to 6,500 kcal/kg.

In addition to reducing air pollution, the use of biomass pellets supports farmers by providing them with an additional source of income through the sale of agricultural waste (such as rice straw, sugarcane, corn, and bamboo). This also helps mitigate improper biomass burning, which is a major cause of PM2.5 emissions.

Challenges and Limitations

Despite the potential of biomass pellets to reduce emissions, widespread adoption still requires policy support and infrastructure development. Public awareness of the benefits and necessity of this renewable energy source also needs to be increased. Additionally, research aimed at improving the efficiency and reducing the cost of biomass pellet production is crucial.

Conclusion

The use of biomass pellets is a promising solution to Thailand's PM2.5 pollution problem. In addition to reducing emissions, it also supports the rural economy by providing farmers with new income streams and decreases the nation's reliance on fossil fuels in a sustainable manner. However, addressing PM2.5 pollution requires an integrated approach involving government policy, private sector support, and public participation in lifestyle changes.